Allergy testing

An allergy is a specific, exaggerated immune response of the body to normally safe substances. In this case, the immune system mistakenly perceives a generally harmless substance as dangerous to the body. The antigen that causes an allergic reaction is called an allergen. In response to it, a “rapid-response antibody” is produced – immunoglobulin E (IgE).

Most often, allergies manifest themselves in the form of diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems, skin rashes (dermatoses), and anaphylactic shock.

The development of allergies is, to some extent, determined by genetic predisposition.

What is an allergy test and what does it answer?

Allergy diagnostics is one of the most sought-after research studies, which is due to the significant increase in allergic diseases and the increasing incidence of life-threatening complications.

An allergy test provides information about the causative allergen and helps us properly plan treatment and prevention measures for the disease. 

What types of tests are there?

There are two methods for allergy diagnosis:

Determination of appropriate, specific antibodies (specific IgE) in the blood;
Skin allergy tests.

How to prepare for an allergy test?

The principle of conducting a skin allergy test is based on the fact that specific antibodies against allergens are detected on cells located under the skin and mucous membranes - mast cells. Therefore, an allergen introduced into the surface layer of the skin reacts with the corresponding antibody and causes allergic inflammation of the skin - redness and itching, which confirms the presence of an allergy to this particular substance. For the reliability of the result obtained, it is necessary to stop taking antihistamines 3-5 days before the procedure so as not to suppress the skin reaction.

Of the blood tests, the most common is the determination of specific IgE. Immunoglobulin E class is responsible for immediate-type allergic reactions. This analysis is one of the most accurate and expensive methods for detecting hypersensitivity to plant, epidermal, house dust mite, food, mold, and fungal allergens. 

What is the purpose of an allergy test?

The goal of allergy testing is to identify the possible allergen or allergens for further management of the disease. Identifying the allergen allows us to conduct specific immunotherapy and thereby reduce the sensitivity of the immune system to the given allergen.             

Are there any risks associated with allergy tests?

When performing a skin allergy test, an allergic reaction may occur in the form of urticaria, angioedema, and in very rare cases, anaphylactic shock. 

Why do they do allergy tests?

With the help of allergy diagnostics, the doctor determines which allergen is the cause and to what extent the "culprit" allergen can cause a life-threatening allergic reaction.

Is an allergy test necessary?

Allergic diseases can be managed after allergy diagnostics. Identifying the "culprit" allergen allows us to properly plan the treatment of allergic diseases and prevent further exacerbations. 

Determining the direct cause of the allergen prevents serious complications and allows us to more accurately select a treatment plan.

What should I do if I have an allergy?

In case of any allergy symptoms, consult a professional allergist, who, along with other allergy tests, will be able to determine the cause of the allergy and thus ensure proper treatment and management of your disease.